A Study to Assess Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Prevention and Management of Complications of Tuberculosis among patients with Pulmonary TB in selected hospital at Rajkot
Suneesh P M
Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society,
Jamnagar Road, Rajkot – 360006, Gujarat, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: suneesh165@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that involves the lungs but may spread to other organs. TB is a contagious disease that can infect anyone exposed to MTB. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s most challenging infectious diseases, affecting millions each year and contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates globally. A total of 1.25 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2023 (including 161 000 people with HIV). The goal of latent TB infection treatment is to prevent progression to active disease. Given that most patients will not reactivate during their lifetime if untreated, the risk of this progression must be balanced against the risk of toxicity from treatment, particularly hepatotoxicity with isoniazid-based therapy. The majority of sample’s age is between 31-40 years, Duration of illness 6months to 1 Year, Pulmonary TB, with present family History, and hospitalization. The obtained t-test for the level of knowledge calculated t-value was (-18.52) and tabulated t-value was 2.02. Thus shows very highly significant at p<0.05 level.
KEYWORDS: TB, MTB WHO, Pretest, Post test.
INTRODUCTION:
Respiratory system is the organs and structures in your body that allow you to breathe. It includes your lungs, nose, mouth and the tube-like structures that connect them. You also have muscles and blood vessels that support your respiratory system, and ribs to protect it.1
Respiratory disease, any of the diseases and disorders of the airways and the lungs that affect human respiration. Diseases of the respiratory system may affect any of the structures and organs that have to do with breathing, including the nasal cavities, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi and bronchioles, the tissues of the lungs, and the respiratory muscles of the chest cage2. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that involves the lungs but may spread to other organs. TB is a contagious disease that can infect anyone exposed to MTB.3 The goal of latent TB infection treatment is to prevent progression to active disease. Given that most patients will not reactivate during their lifetime if untreated, the risk of this progression must be balanced against the risk of toxicity from treatment, particularly hepatotoxicity with isoniazid-based therapy. To assist clinicians in evaluating this risk-benefit equation, several clinical calculators have been developed to estimate the likelihood that the patient has true-positive testing for latent TB, their risk of reactivation, and their risk of serious hepatotoxicity from the treatment of latent TB.4
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
A total of 1.25 million people died from tuberculosis (TB) in 2023 (including 161 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB has probably returned to being the world’s leading cause of death from a single infectious agent.5
Although a TB cure exists, the treatment is difficult. Therapy requires the patient to take four different drugs every day for six months even for patients with drug-sensitive disease. The side effects are common and nasty. The length of treatment coupled with the side effects causes many patients to stop taking the drugs before they are cured. This leads to a vicious cycle of people getting sick again, sometimes with bacteria that have become resistant to several of the standard TB drugs — this drug-resistant form of the disease is called MDR-TB.6 There are general complications for tb first one is drug-resistant TB (MDR/XDR TB) and it’s management is second-line ATT based on drug susceptibility testing, longer and more toxic regimen, directly observed therapy (DOT).Second one is TB-IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) there are management for it which are continue ATT and ART, NSAIDs or corticosteroids if severe. Third one is hepatotoxicity (due to ATT) and it’s management which are stop hepatotoxic drugs (INH, RIF, PZA) temporarily, reintroduce gradually once liver function normalizes, use non-hepatotoxic regimen if needed.7
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the pre-intervention knowledge of clients regarding pulmonary tuberculosis and its management.
2. To assess effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of complications of tuberculosis among patients with pulmonary tb in selected hospital at Rajkot
3. To find out association between selected clinical variable and post-test level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of pulmonary tuberculosis.
HYPOTHESES:
The study is based on the hypothesis.
H1: The mean post test knowledge score will be higher than the mean pre test knowledge score.
H2: There will be significant association between selected clinical variable and post test level of knowledge.
METHODOLOGY:
RESEARCH APPROACH:
Quantitative research design.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Pre-experimental study. (One-group -pertest- post-test design)
VARIABLES:
· Independent variable: The planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention and management of TB.
· Dependent variable: Knowledge regarding prevention and management of TB among TB patients.
Setting of the Study:
Study will be conducted in selected hospitals at Rajkot.
Population:
· Target population: Patients admitted in the selected hospital.
· Accessible population: Patients admitted with TB in selected hospitals at Rajkot.
Sample:
40 samples admitted with tuberculosis.
Criteria for Sample Selection:
Inclusive Criteria:
· Patient with Tuberculosis.
· Patient can Understand Gujrati.
· Patient Are admitted at a time of study.
Exclusive Criteria:
· Patient are not willing to participate.
· Patient are having knowledge regarding management and prevention of TB.
· Patient with mental retardation.
Samplling Technique:
Non Probability purposive sampling technique.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
According to the study analysis, the pre-test 10(25%) patients were having Inadequate Knowledge and 30(75%) patients were having Moderate Knowledge. In post-test result shows that majority of patients 30(75%) were having Adequate knowledge and 10(25%) were having Moderate Knowledge.
Analysis done with paired t Test and the mean post-test knowledge score is significantly higher than the mean of pre-test knowledge score. The calculated ‘t’ value (-18.52) is greater than the tabled ‘t’ value (p = 1.68). Therefore the research hypothesis H1 is accepted.
The analysis of association of the demographic variable such as Duration of Illness and Family History has obtained X2 value above the level of tabulated value at the level of 0.05. Thus show significant. Thus Hypothesis H2 is accepted. So it is inferred that there is significant association between the demographic variables and planned teaching programme on level of knowledge.
FINDING OF THE STUDY:
A. Findings related to demographic variables of the study:
1) The Priority of sample 15(37.50%) 31-40 years.
2) The Priority of sample 18(45%) 6 Months to 1Year of illness.
3) The Priority of sample 29(72.5%) have Pulmonary TB.
4) The Priority of sample 30(75%) no any Family History of TB.
5) The Priority of sample 32(80%) was admitted in Hospital.
B. Findings related to effectiveness of planned teaching programme to increase the level of knowledge among Tuberculosis Patients.
Effectiveness of planned teaching programme to increase level of knowledge among Tuberculosis Patients, the obtained t-test for the level of knowledge calculated t-value was (-18.52) and tabulated t-value was 2.02. Thus shows very highly significant at p<0.05 level.
C. Findings related to association between demographic variables and post-test.
Association between the level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables such as Age, Duration of Illness, Type of TB, Family History, Hospitalisation. Duration of Illness, Family History was significant and Age, Type of TB, Hospitalisation, the variables are not significant association found. The study shows that the calculated chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at level of 0.05 level for thus demographic variables, which shows there is significant association between effectiveness of planned teaching programme and selected demographic variables.
CONCLUSION:
In this study most of the Tuberculosis Patients having level of knowledge in pre-test score was inadequate and moderately adequate. This shows the crucial need to understand the purpose of planned teaching programme to increase level of knowledge.
CONFLICTION OF INTEREST:
The authors have no conflicts of interest regarding this investigations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors would like to thank all participants and authorities of setting fir their kind support and help.
REFERENCE:
1. Cleveland clinic9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 800.223.2273https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21205-respiratory-system
2. Hansen-Flaschen, John, Bates, David V. "respiratory disease". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 May. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/science/respiratory-disease. Accessed 11 June 2025.
3. Houston Methodust Leading Medicine, Tuberculosis Symptoms and Treatment Options, https://www.houstonmethodist.org/pulmonology/tuberculosis/
4. Price C, Nguyen AD. Latent Tuberculosis. [Updated 2024 Jan 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-.
5. World health organization, available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis
6. Floyd K, Glaziou P, Houben R, Sumner T, White RG, Raviglione M. Global tuberculosis targets and milestones set for 2016-2035: definition and rationale. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018; 22(7): 723-30.
7. Cardona PJ. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis and other mycobacteriosis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2018 Jan; 36(1): 38-46. English, Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.eimc.2017.10.015. Epub 2017 Dec 2. PMID: 29198784
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Received on 26.05.2026 Revised on 29.06.2026 Accepted on 28.07.2026 Published on 10.08.2026 Available online from August 14, 2026 Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2026;14(3):163-165. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2026.00034 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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